Functional capacity assessments are crucial for providing comprehensive care to the growing elderly population. This study, conducted in Saudi Arabia’s Qassim Region, utilized Lawton’s assessment tool (Lawton-Brody IADL scale) alongside other measures to evaluate the functional abilities of geriatric patients in primary healthcare centers (PHCCs).
Assessing Functional Capacity in Elderly Patients
A cross-sectional study involving 310 geriatric patients (155 males and 155 females) was conducted at PHCCs between June and October 2023. The study employed the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL), the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Lawton-Brody IADL) scale, and Wudu performance assessment to gauge functional capacity. Data was collected via an interviewer-administered questionnaire using Google Forms and analyzed using SPSS Statistics.
Key Findings on Functional Independence
The average age of participants was 71.9 years, with 91.9% having chronic diseases. While high independence levels were observed in basic ADLs like feeding (99.4%) and transferring (95.5%), bathing presented a challenge, with only 13.2% demonstrating independence. The Lawton-Brody IADL scale revealed that 75.8% could manage medications and 72.9% could use a telephone independently. However, laundry tasks proved difficult for 54.8% of the participants. Regarding Wudu, 76.8% could perform it independently.
Lawton-Brody IADL Scale Insights
The Lawton-Brody IADL scale specifically assesses complex activities necessary for independent living. This study highlights the challenges faced by elderly individuals in performing tasks such as laundry, which require a higher level of physical and cognitive function. This underscores the importance of using the Lawton-Brody IADL scale in primary care settings to identify areas where interventions can improve or maintain independence.
Implications for Primary Care
Early identification of functional limitations using tools like the Lawton-Brody IADL scale allows for timely interventions. This proactive approach can significantly impact the quality of life for elderly patients by promoting independence and reducing reliance on caregivers. Furthermore, understanding the factors associated with functional impairment, as highlighted in this study, can guide the development of targeted support services.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the value of using the Lawton-Brody IADL scale in assessing the functional capacity of elderly patients in primary care. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive geriatric assessments to address the specific needs of this growing population and ensure appropriate care strategies are implemented to maintain their independence and well-being.
