OBD2 Mode 10, also known as Permanent DTCs (Diagnostic Trouble Codes), plays a crucial role in diagnosing emission-related issues in Ford vehicles. This article focuses on understanding Mode 10, specifically in relation to the “21 component,” and its significance in Smog Check inspections. We’ll explore common issues, causes, and potential remedies, referencing official documentation from the Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR).
Decoding Ford OBD2 Mode 10
Mode 10 retrieves Permanent DTCs, which are stored in the vehicle’s computer memory even after regular DTCs are cleared. These codes indicate persistent emission problems that haven’t been resolved. Unlike regular DTCs, Permanent DTCs can only be cleared by the OBD system itself after verifying the issue is no longer present. This information is vital for identifying recurring problems that might be masked by clearing regular codes. For Ford vehicles from 2010 onwards, the presence of a Permanent DTC typically results in a failed Smog Check inspection in California.
The Significance of “21 Component”
While the original document doesn’t explicitly define “21 component,” context suggests it refers to specific components or systems within the vehicle related to emissions. Given the frequent mention of NOx aftertreatment systems, exhaust gas sensors, and catalytic converters in the context of Ford vehicles in the source document, “21 component” likely encompasses these areas. Understanding which components fall under this umbrella is crucial for effective diagnostics.
Common Ford Mode 10 Issues
The BAR document highlights several recurring Mode 10 issues in various Ford models. These include:
- No Communication with BAR-OIS: Certain Ford Escape, Bronco Sport, and E-Series models (2020-2023) might experience communication issues with the BAR-OIS (On-Board Diagnostic Inspection System) due to software problems in the gateway module. A software update at a Ford dealership is often the solution. (SSM 50974)
- Incomplete Exhaust Gas Sensor Monitor: In Ford F-Series Super Duty (2013-2016) and Transit (2015-2019) diesel vehicles, the Exhaust Gas Sensor (EGS) monitor might not complete after DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) or DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) replacement. This is due to a degreening strategy that can take up to 10,000 miles. BAR-OIS has specific provisions for these cases.
- NOx Aftertreatment Monitor Issues: Several Ford models, particularly diesel variants, have known issues with the NOx aftertreatment system monitor not completing. This can be a design anomaly requiring specific remedies, sometimes involving dealer recalls or software updates.
Addressing Ford Mode 10 Problems
Solutions for Mode 10 problems in Ford vehicles often involve:
- Software Updates: Reprogramming the vehicle’s computer with updated software can resolve communication issues and fix bugs affecting monitor completion.
- Component Replacement: Faulty components like exhaust gas sensors, catalytic converters, or NOx sensors might need replacement to address underlying emission problems.
- Dealer Recalls: Refer to the BAR document and official Ford resources for recall information related to specific Mode 10 issues. Some recalls offer free repairs for known problems.
Ford OBD2 Port Location.
Example of an OBD2 scan tool.
Illuminated check engine light.
Conclusion
Understanding Ford OBD2 Mode 10 and its intricacies is critical for successfully diagnosing and resolving emission-related issues. By leveraging the information provided in the BAR document and consulting official Ford resources, technicians can effectively address common Mode 10 problems and ensure vehicles pass Smog Check inspections. Remember to always refer to the latest technical service bulletins (TSBs) and recall information for the most up-to-date guidance.
